Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (20 October 1509, Holyrood Palace – 14 July 1510, Edinburgh Castle) was the second son of James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor, and had he outlived his father, he would have been King of Scotland.

Arthur was the third child of Margaret Tudor and James IV of Scotland, at the time of his birth he was the only remaining child as his elder brother Prince James, Duke of Rothesay and a stillborn sister had died before him. Arthur was born several months after the death of his maternal grandfather King Henry VII of England, he was named in honour of his deceased uncle Arthur, Prince of Wales who would have become King of England had he outlived his father. The name Arthur was also chosen as following young Henry VIII’s accession to the English throne his heir presumptive was his elder sister Margaret, Arthur Stewart’s mother, and in turn Arthur would also have been his mother’s heir and could have potentially have also been King of England as well as Scotland. At birth, the infant was created both Duke of Rothesay and Duke of Albany.

The young prince died less than a year after his birth, he left his father James IV once again childless and the heir to the throne was his father’s cousin, John Stewart, Duke of Albany, a nephew of James III of Scotland. However, two years later another son was born to Arthur's parents who would succeed as James V of Scotland.