Robert Chapman may refer to:
Robert Chapman (cricketer) (born 1972), English cricketer
Robert Chapman (born 1991), Research Executive in Peterborough
Robert Chapman (Plymouth Brethren) (1803–1902), pastor, teacher and evangelist
Robert Chapman (died 1563), MP for Cambridge
Robert Chapman (MP), MP for Kingston upon Hull
Professor Sir Robert William Chapman (engineer) (1866–1942), Australian mathematician and engineer
Robert William Chapman (scholar) (1881–1960), British editor and book collector
Sir Robert Chapman, 1st Baronet (1880–1963), Conservative Member of Parliament (MP)
Robert F. Chapman (born 1926), U.S. court of appeals judge
Robert Hett Chapman (1771–1833), president of the University of North Carolina
Robert L. Chapman (1920–2002), American lexicographer
Robert Chapman (academic), (1922–2004) New Zealand historian and political scientist