Richard M. Goodwin

Richard M. Goodwin (February 24, 1913 – August 13, 1996) was an American mathematician and economist. He was born in New Castle, Indiana.

Goodwin received his BA and PhD at Harvard, and he taught there from 1942 until 1950. He taught at the University of Cambridge until 1979 and the University of Siena until 1984. He was the first non-Italian professor of economics at Siena. He described himself as "a lifelong but wayward Marxist", joining the Communist Party of Great Britain while a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford in the 1930s, and then its American counterpart when he got back to the States. He left after the announcement of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

Goodwin worked on the interaction between long run growth and business cycles. His article on "matrix multiplier" was one of the earliest uses of the Perron–Frobenius theorem in economics, although his reasoning had an error that was diagnosed by Frank H. Hahn. He returned to the Perron–Frobenius theorem with his book on The dynamics of a capitalist economy.

Goodwin adopted the Lotka–Volterra equations for the population dynamics of a predator and prey species as a persistent model of economic growth, called the "Goodwin model" (or "Goodwin's Class-Struggle Model"). In his model, employed workers have the role of predators, as their wage demands squeeze profits and hence investment, leading to an increase in unemployment. Another model, "Goodwin's Non-Linear Accelerator", is also a model of endogenous cycles in economic activity; the cycles do not rely on outside shocks or structurally unstable parameters. "A Growth Cycle" (1967) saw Goodwin utilise Volterra's equations to formalise Marx's theory of economic cycles.

• "Multiplier Effects of a Balanced Budget, Notes", 1946, Econometrica
• "Innovations and the Irregularity of Economics Cycles", 1946, Review of Economics and Statistics
• "Dynamic Coupling with Especial Reference to Markets Having Production Lags", 1947, Econometrica.
• "The Business Cycle as a Self-Sustaining Oscillation", 1949, Econometrica
• "The Multiplier as a Matrix", 1949, Economic Journal
• "A Nonlinear Theory of the Cycle", 1950, Review of Economic Studies
• "Does the Matrix Multiplier Oscillate?", 1950, Economic Journal
• "The Nonlinear Accelerator and the Persistence of Business Cycles", 1951, Econometrica
• "The Optimal Growth Path for an Underdeveloped Economy", 1961, Economic Journal
• "A Growth Cycle", 1967, in Feinstein, editor, Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth
• "A Growth Cycle", 1972, in E.K. Hunt and J.G. Schwatz, editors, A Critique of Economic Theory
• "A Note on Wage, Profits and Fluctuating Growth Rate", 1983, Cambridge Journal of Economics
• "Disaggregating Models of Fluctuating Growth", 1984, in Goodwin et al., editors, Non-linear Models of Fluctuating Growth
• "Swinging Along the Turnpike with von Neumann and Sraffa", 1986, Cambridge Journal of Economics
• "The Dynamics of a Capitalist Economy: A multi-sectoral approach," with L.F. Punzo, 1987.
• "The Multiplier-Accelerator Discretely Revisited", 1988, in Ricci and Vellupilai, editors, Growth cycles and multisectoral economics, the Goodwin tradition.
• "Swinging Along the Autostrada: Cyclical fluctuations along the von Neumann Ray", 1989, in Dore et al., John von Neumann and Modern Economics.
• Essays in Nonlinear Economic Dynamics, 1989.
• Chaotic Economic Dynamics, 1990.
• "Schumpeter, Keynes and the Theory of Economic Evolution", 1991, Journal of Evolutionary Economics
• "Nonlinear Dynamics and Economic Evolution", 1991, in Niels Thygesen et al., editors, Business Cycles

For more details on Richard Goodwin's professional contributions see:

1) Nonlinear and Mutisectoral Macrodynamics: Essays in Honour of Richard Goodwin. (ed. K. Velupillai), Macmillan, London, 1989.

2) “The Vintage Economist”, The Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation, Vol.37, No.1, Sep., pp. 1–31, 1998.

3) “Richard Goodwin: 1913-1996”, The Economic Journal, Vol. 108, September, 1998, pp. 1436–1449.