Introduction
Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (Russian: Муса Хираманович Манаров; born March 22, 1951) is a Soviet Laks (Caucasus) former cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space.
He was a colonel in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute with an engineering qualification in 1974. Musa was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978.
From December 21, 1987 to December 21, 1988 he flew as flight engineer on Soyuz TM-4. The flight duration was 365 days 22 hours 38 minutes. From December 2, 1990 to May 26, 1991 he flew again as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-11. The duration was 175 days 1 hour 50 minutes, the longest continuous time spent in space by anyone at that time. During his 176-day stay, Manarov observed the Earth and worked in space manufacturing. He also performed 20 hours of spacewalks. Manarov currently lives in Russia.
Awards and honors
- Hero of the Soviet Union
- Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
- Order of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
Foreign awards:
- Officer of the Legion of Honour (France)
- Order of Stara Planina (Republic of Bulgaria)
- Order of Georgi Dimitrov (Republic of Bulgaria)
- Order "The Sun of Freedom" (Afghanistan)
Personal life
Manarov is married with two children. He is an Ethnic Lak.