Kevin Deutsch
Introduction
Kevin Deutsch is an American criminal justice journalist and author of two books. The sourcing and veracity of some of his news articles and his book Pill City have become the subject of a high-profile dispute involving allegations that Deutsch has repeatedly fabricated sources, quotes, and events. Deutsch has denied all of the claims and defended his work as accurate.
Career
Deutsch's first book, The Triangle: A Year on the Ground with New York's Bloods and Crips, is an account of the year the author spent covering a Bloods-Crips gang war on Long Island. It received positive reviews from critics, including a starred review from Publisher's Weekly magazine. His second book, Pill City: How Two Honor Roll Students Foiled the Feds and Built a Drug Empire, chronicles the story of how opiates stolen during the Baltimore riots sparked a wave of inner-city addiction and violence. Deutsch, born Kevin Shulman, writes under his mother's name. He received a Sunshine State Award for travel writing for a story he wrote about his father, attorney Howard Shulman.
Deutsch has worked on staff at Newsday, The New York Daily News, The Miami Herald, The Palm Beach Post, and The Riverdale Press. His work as a freelancer has also appeared in The New York Times, Newsweek, The Village Voice, The Forward, Columbia Journalism Review, and The New York Post. Deutsch has been interviewed about American street gangs and drug trafficking, and has received prizes for his writing about crime and national news events, including an Associated Press award for justice beat reporting.
Questions about sources
Following the release of Deutsch's second book, Pill City, reporters from The Baltimore Sun and Baltimore City Paper, challenged the veracity of the book's narrative. along with the Baltimore TV writer/producer David Simon, On February 10, 2017, The Baltimore Sun published an article quoting government officials that cast doubt on the book, and Deutsch's practice of changing the names of individuals and places he documented. David Simon said "After reading, I think this book is, by and large, a wholesale fabrication." Core elements of the book could not be substantiated, including "the dates, circumstances and victims involved in homicides Deutsch describes in detail." The City Paper was not able to confirm the existence of almost any person described in the book, including incidental characters not involved in crime who would have no reason to fear exposure. Despite a detailed explanation of events in the Shock Trauma department at the University of Maryland Medical Center, no record exists of Deutsch visiting it. Of the murders described in the book, several did not appear to match any of Baltimore area's recorded murders during the year-long time period. Alleged old-time drug lords as well as allegedly famous murdered preachers could not be identified.
The Baltimore Sun article also included an extended video interview with Deutsch, in which he defended his work and his use of anonymous sourcing, which he said was needed to protect the safety of interviewees. The "Author's Note" in Deutsch's book includes a section detailing his methodology. It states that "In order to disguise the identities of interviewees, most of their names have been changed. For that same reason, certain locations, physical descriptions, and other identifying details have been altered or obscured."
Within a week of the Baltimore Sun story, both Newsday and The New York Times announced separate internal reviews of Deutsch's past writing.
On February 24, 2017, The New York Times published an editors' note on the sole article Deutsch wrote for the paper, detailing its investigation and conclusion:
Several weeks earlier, The Baltimore Sun had published a report that raised questions about claims in a new book by the reporter about the drug trade in Baltimore. The Sun reporters had informed The Times that, in the course of researching the claims in Mr. Deutsch’s book, they had reviewed the Times article and had been unable to locate two sources quoted by name in that article. The main facts of the article were upheld, and the story was not retracted.
In response, editors and reporters at The Times conducted a detailed review of the fentanyl article. The main facts and thrust of the article, including the official data and quotes from the authorities, were confirmed. However, after extensive reporting efforts, The Times also has been unable to locate or confirm the existence of two people who were named and quoted: Jeffrey Sheridan, described as a resident of Oyster Bay, N.Y., who works as an addiction counselor and whose 34-year-old nephew died from a fentanyl overdose on Staten Island in 2015; and Andrew Giordano, described as a 26-year-old resident of Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, who overdosed on a fentanyl-heroin mixture.
Mr. Deutsch maintains that the interviews and the descriptions are accurate. But he has not been able to put The Times in contact with either source, or to provide any further material to corroborate the account. At this point, editors have concluded that The Times cannot vouch for the accuracy of those sources, and that material has been removed from the online version of the article.Following these findings, on March 2, 2017, the media watchdog group iMediaEthics confirmed that the New York Daily News was conducting an internal review, examining all 572 stories from Deutsch's career with the company. The group later shared a statement from Newsweek, confirming that it would review the three stories Deutsch had written there as well. The New York Daily News review was ultimately inconclusive; while it found "no red flags" with regard to fabrication, it noted that many of Deutsch's stories were five-to-seven years old, making the details contained therein impossible to accurately assess, and so did not mount a review similar to the one Newsday performed.
Deutsch has stood by all of his reporting, stating that he used the exact names given to him by his interviewees. On his website, Deutsch defended his article, writing that the reason the Times had been unable to find the subjects was because they were interviewed during a 12-step addiction recovery meeting and "each interviewee gave me a name other than their legal name."
On July 12, 2017, Newsday, where Deutsch was on staff for more than four years, released the conclusions of its review of Deutsch's writing there. Newsday said that review was prompted by the Baltimore article questioning Deutsch's second book. Newsday found that in 77 or more than 600 articles written by Deutsch, 109 individuals he quoted could not have their existence confirmed. The editors said the main points of the articles were confirmed and cited many reasons that people might not give a real name to a police reporter. No corrections were issued, but Newsday appended individual editor's notes to each of the 77 articles online, detailing which sources it could not locate after approximately four months of effort.
In response, Deutsch issued a statement on his website stating: "For me, journalistic ethics are sacrosanct. They've remained so throughout my fifteen-year criminal justice journalism career—a career I'm extremely proud of. I stand behind every word I've published. None of my work has been found to be inaccurate, nor any story I've worked on ever retracted. Newsday’s review confirmed the accuracy of the more than 630 stories I wrote for the paper--stories Newsday is standing behind." Deutsch has also suggested that his competitors are simply jealous of his work.
The Washington Post and Rolling Stone both published articles which noted that Deutsch had worked for news organizations for years before Deutsch's alleged sourcing problems were brought to light. They both hypothesized that Deutsch's coverage of marginalized communities meant he faced less accountability. Such sources are more difficult to track down, and readers are happy to accept information that fits their expectations. David Simon was more blunt; he wrote "Nobody is going to fact check poor black people. That's the bottom line... you can say anything you want about the black underclass."